Research progress on the risk factors and prevention strategies for venous thrombosis in patients with liver cancer undergoing perfusion chemotherapy

Xuemin Jing¹, Kaijie Zou¹, Ruiying Ma², Huijuan Ge¹, Li Zhou¹, Yinghua Zhang¹, Lili Zhang^3*

¹Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy Center for Liver Diseases and Tumors, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University.

²School of Nursing, Capital Medical University.

³Department of Nursing, Beijing You'an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University.

*Correspondence:

Lili Zhang; Email: zhanglilivip@163.com

Abstract

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is widely used in the clinical treatment of patients with advanced liver cancer. Because of the need for re-puncture and catheterization for each postoperative perfusion chemotherapy and long-term bed rest with a catheter for pump infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs in patients undergoing HAIC, the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is significantly increased. This article reviews the incidence characteristics, risk factors, prevention strategies, and research progress of HAIC-related VTE in patients. The incidence of VTE in HAIC patients is as high as 5%–20%. The main risk factors for HAIC-related VTE include tumor-related hypercoagulable state, catheter indwelling, and vascular endothelial damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs. Preventive measures for HAIC-related VTE include mechanical prevention, drug prevention, and comprehensive management strategies. This review provides a reference for preventing VTE in patients with liver cancer undergoing perfusion chemotherapy. More high-quality studies are needed to optimize VTE prevention strategies for patients undergoing HAIC.

Keywords: hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, venous thromboembolism, liver cancer, chemotherapy, nursing, review